安全苛求系统的交叉验收框架

Principles of Cross Acceptance in Mission Critical Systems——A Systems Framework

交叉验收是一个涉及技术和法律的工作,其目的是在新项目中能够尽快地应用类似的产品、系统和方法(PSP)。交叉验收的PSP首先要求在原始的应用中能够满足可靠性、安全性和环境要求。PSP目标和原始的应用应具有很好的相似性,因此,不需要很大的改动,在技术上和经济上可行性会很强。当然,交叉验收从根本上来说和PSP的安全性和适用性有关。目前交叉验收缺乏系统的指导和专门的标准,笔者阐述的一个基于风险分析的结构化PSP交叉验收框架包括7个主要原则。该框架基于笔者多年在安全苛求系统和铁路领域开发应用控制风险和安全确信系统框架的经验,采用通行的原则。

Cross acceptance is an aspect of the technical and legal process principally aimed at establishing the fastest route to the deployment of products, systems or processes (PSP) in a target (new) context or environment. The PSP considered for cross acceptance is generally assumed to satisfy the qualifications for reliability, tolerable safety and environmental performance in their native (original) context or environment. The target application is also assumed to possess significant synergies with the native environment, thus making the deployment technically feasible and commercially viable/advantageous without significant alterations. However, the essence of cross acceptance currently relates to the assurance of safety and potentially environmental performance of PSPs, which are subject to a regulatory regime. In the absence systematic guidance and specific standards, a structured and risk based framework for cross acceptance of products, systems and processes is developed in this paper comprising seven core principles. This guidance draws upon a significant experience of the author on development and application of systemic frameworks for risk and safety assurance within the safety critical industries and more recently the railways. The principles are universal and particularly pertinent to safety critical systems where no systematic and efficient framework for their adoption and application in new applications or environments exists.