建筑材料火灾烟气减光性能的试验研究

Experimental Study on Light Attenuation Behavior of Smoke Emitted from Building Materials in Fire

笔者以木材、纺织品和塑料(聚苯乙烯) 3类材料作为高层建筑常用的可燃性建筑材料,对其在燃烧状态下释放的烟气进行了减光性能试验,研究了3种建筑材料在燃烧状态下,释放烟气的光学密度、减光系数、能见度及其相互关系,并建立了简明的函数关系式。通过试验,其结果表明,3种建筑材料释放烟气的光学密度随时间呈线性增长,烟场内疏散标志的能见度与烟气的减光系数、燃烧建材的性质、室内其他照明装置的开闭。

Experiments on the light attenuation behavior of smoke emitted from building materials mostly used in high rise building such as wood, textiles and plastics (polystyrene) in fire were conducted. The optical density, the light attenuation coefficient, the visibility of smoke emitted from three building materials in fire and their correlation were studied. The relevant formulas were proposed. The experimental results showed that the optical density of smoke emitted from these three building materials increased linearly by time and the visibility of exit signs in smoky space were associated with the light attenuation coefficient of smoke, the nature of building materials in fire, the effect of ambient illuminations and the brightness of exit signs.