武汉市学龄前儿童气质类型及其相关因素研究

Study on the Temperament Types and Related Factors of Preschool Children in Wuhan

目的了解武汉市学龄前儿童的气质类型及其影响因素,为儿童气质的早期干预提供依据。方法采用《中国3-7岁儿童气质量表》和学龄前儿童气质相关因素问卷,调查武汉市3-7岁学龄前儿童1090名。结果男女儿童气质类型构成均以平易型和中间近平易型居多,分别占73.13%和69.79%;麻烦型和中间近麻烦型较少,分别占11.79%和18.13%。性别、高热病史、父母性格和长辈教育方式的一致性等对儿童气质有显著影响(P<0.05),其中女童更易发展为麻烦型,高热病史、长辈教育方式不一致为危险因素,而父母外向性格为保护因素。结论影响儿童气质发展的因素不是单一的,涉及疾病、父母个性、家庭教育等多方面,是多因素综合作用的结果。

Objective To evaluate the temperament type and related factors of preschool children and to provide basis for its early intervention. Methods One thousand and ninety children (aged 3-7) were assessed with Chinese version of China Preschool-children Temperament Scale (CPTS) and a self-administered questionnaire. Results The most types of temperament for children were easy type(73.13% ) and inclined-easy type(69.79% ). The less types were difficult type( 11.79% ) and inclined-difficult type( 18.13% ). The main related factors were gender, fever, parents' characters, education patterns of eldership. The girls were easier to develop into difficult type than boys, fever and the disagreement of the education pattern were the risk factors, and the extravert character of parents were the protect factors. Conclusion The temperament type of children is the results of the interaction of multiple factors of multiple aspects, such as diseases, parents' characters and family education etc.