小学高年级学生应对方式及其与心理健康的关系

Coping Strategies and Mental Health of Higher Grade Pupils

目的探讨小学生的应对方式与心理健康状况的关系以及对心理健康状况的影响,为心理健康教育提供依据。方法使用自编小学儿童应对方式问卷和心理健康诊断测验(MHT)分别测查小学生的应对方式和心理健康状况,并对其相互关系进行相关和回归分析。结果小学生在受到挫折、面临压力时,采用最多的应对方式是解决问题、转移注意、幻想和求助。小学生的心理问题各因子检出率为05%-10.0%不等,总检出率为22.9%。对小学生心理健康问题影响最大的应对方式是解决问题、自责、幻想和压抑,其中解决问题对心理问题起负向的预测作用,合理化和求助的预测作用有正有负,自责、幻想、退避、转移注意、攻击和压抑起正向的预测作用。结论应对方式是影响小学生心理健康状况的重要因素。

Objective To study the pupils' coping strategies, mental health and the relationship between coping strategy and mental health, and to provide evidence for pupils' mental health education. Methods The pupils' coping strategy and mental health status were tested by using the coping strategy scale and MHT, and the correlations were analyzed by regression analysis. Results Coping strategies adopted frequently by pupils were problem solving, attention diverting, illusion and seeking help. The positive rate of each factor was 0.5%-10.0% , and 22.9% for the total. Coping strategies that affect mental health most significantly were problem solving, self-accusation, illusion and inhibition. The effect of problem solving was negative, that of rationalization and seeking help were both positive and negative, and the rest were positive. Conclusion Coping strategies are the important factors to pupils' mental health