试论两汉隐逸之风

On the Atmosphere of Incognito in the Han Dynasty

“隐逸”是一个重要的社会历史现象。两汉时期,“隐逸”的数量很多,成分也很复杂,仅见于史籍记载的“隐逸”就有一百二十人之多。“隐逸”的主要特点可以归纳为一个“隐”字。汉代“隐逸”专指那些远离或逃避社会现实的士人,即所谓“不事王侯,高尚其事”的古代知识分子,他们在属于自己的特殊领域里发挥着重要的作用并显示出自己的价值趋向。

Though “incognito” was not appeared in historical data in the Han Dynasty, it was indeed an important social phenomenon. There were 120 hermits or more that we could find in historical records alone. The main character of the hermit can be concluded in one word——hiding. The hermits in the Han Dynasty are referred to those who were far away or avoided from social reality. It is multiformed from incognito itself, and is allowed but need conditions in the rulers’ minds. The hermits in the Han Dynasty played an important role and showed their own value in special fields. Taking incognito as a cultural phenomenon has both historical and practical significance.