空寂:日本民族审美的最高境界

Kongji: the Supreme Category in Japanese Aesthetics

“空寂”作为日本民族独特的美学范畴 ,它的形成一方面受到日本民族固有的自然条件、自然观以及植物美学观的影响。另一方面是在成功地吸收了中国禅宗思想之后形成和发展的。“空寂”美意识在文学领域直接表现余情余韵的艺术风采 ;在绘画领域体现着一种枯淡之美 ;在造园中表现出一种“无相”的野逸之美 ;而茶道中的“和静”境界正是“空寂”美的充分体现。

The formation of 'Kongji', an unique category in Japanese aesthetics, reflected the influence of the natural conditions, the concept of nature, and the idea of plant aesthetics in Japan; it was also a development of the ingredients taken from the Buddhist sect Zen in China. The consciousness of the beauty of 'Kongji' displays in various forms in different fields of arts, such as 'lingering sentiment and endless charm' in literature, the beauty of 'Kudan(枯淡)' in painting, the beauty of 'Wuxiang(无相)' in garden building, and 'peace and tranquility' in the art of tea as well.