古代希伯来民族的美学思想及艺术表现

The Aesthetic Thoughts and Artistic Expression

古代希伯来民族的美学思想可以概括为以上帝为美、以上帝的创造活动为美、以上帝看着是“好的”创造物为美三个方面 ,涉及到崇高、和谐、抽象、神秘、恐惧、理性之美、感性之美、美即真、美即善等美学范畴和观念体系。古代希伯来民族以上帝为中心的美学思想与犹太教教义及伦理道德内容的反对偶像崇拜 ,共同导致了犹太艺术形成摈弃具象写实、注重内在情感、意象思维与抽象主义相结合的传统精神 ,犹太艺术不是再现的艺术 ,而是表现的艺术 ,象征型艺术。古代犹太民族在语言、音乐等内在主情的抽象艺术方面取得了惊人的成就 ,而绘画、雕塑、建筑等直观造型艺术却黯然失色 ,戏剧舞台艺术甚至是一片空白。

The aesthetic thoughts of the ancient Hebrew nation can be summarized as regarding God, His creative activities, and what He thinks 'good' as beautiful, involving such categories as the sublime, the harmonious, the abstract, the mysterious, the fearful, the beauty of reason, etc. These God-centered aesthetic thoughts of the ancient Hebrew nation, together with the Judaist anti-idolatry, has brought about the tradition of the Jewish art that values internal emotions and imagist thinking over concrete representation. The Jewish art is an art of expression and symbolism rather than that of representation. Therefore, in the artistic history of the Jewish nation, the abstract arts, such as language and music, have made great achievements, while painting, sculpture and architecture have been dimmed.