果园间种白三叶草对土壤生态及果树生产的影响

Effects of interplantation of Trifolium repens in orchards on soil ecology and apple tree production.

针对我国果园长期沿用清耕除草方式所带来的水土流失、土壤肥力下降和果品品质变劣等问题,于1999年在山东省烟台市5个试验点分别设置了由种草样地及其清耕对照样地组成的5组可比样地,对苹果园间种白三叶草(Trifoliumrepens)对土壤生态和果树生产的影响进行定位观测。结果表明:果园种草3a后0—30cm土层有机质含量平均提高3. 3g·kg-1,氮、磷、钾等养分含量有较大提高,尤以表层土壤更明显;土壤含水量得到提高,尤以夏秋多雨季节更明显;种草果园地下5cm处土温夏季比对照平均降低4. 1℃,而冬季升高2. 5℃,使土温的全年变化较为缓和;种草果园果品产量平均增加7. 04%,年产牧草2 130kg·hm-2,每年可增加经济收入5 328元·hm-2。

In view of the fact that the soil erosion,lower soil fertility and poorer fruit quality induced by traditional orchard-weeding activities,Trifolium repens was introduced and interplanted with apple trees in Yantai City of Shandong Province in 1999.Five pairs of plots,interplantation and traditional practice,were set up for comparison in different experimental sites,and soil ecosystem and growth of apple trees were observed on the plots.It was found three years later that the interplantation can not only improve the soil ecology by increasing soil nutrient contents,regulating soil temperature and strengthening soil-water conservation capability,but also promote growth of the apple trees,control of diseases, insects and weeds,increase fruit yield and improve fruit nutritional quality.