重金属与农药污染的农业土壤脱毒过程研究进展

Review of self-detoxification processes in agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals and pesticides

农业土壤环境自身脱毒过程是极其复杂的生态化学过程,对于土壤健康质量的维持和改善具有重要意义。然而,一直以来,人们对污染物的致毒过程研究得较多,对农业土壤自身脱毒能力及机制未给予足够重视。本文就农业土壤环境中,重金属与农药污染物的吸附脱毒、非生物降解(水解、光解)脱毒、微生物降解脱毒、土壤酶学脱毒、根际环境中的降解和转化脱毒以及植物富集固定进行了综述,并分析了各脱毒过程中所涉及到的反应机理。

Self-detoxification in agricultural soil is a very complicated eco-chemical process and important in sustaining and improving soil quality. Thus, adsorptive detoxification, non-biological degradative detoxification, microbiological degradative detoxification, soil-enzyme detoxification, degradative and transformative detoxification in rhizospheric environment and phytoaccumulative immobility were reviewed, and reactive mechanisms involved in various detoxicated processes were discuessed.