我国农村金融需求与农村金融制度:一个理论框架

本文认为农村金融制度的成败在于能否有效满足微观金融需求。与典型中国小农家族金融需求相适应的,只能是人情信贷、互助信用、民间信贷和国家农贷等传统金融安排。只有当公共保障机制取代家族保险功能,农民收入水平提高到一定程度,现代商业性金融才可能引入广大农村。现阶段中国所需要的是一个多层次、梯度化的农村金融制度。在实现这一理想的过程中,政府的首要职责就是提高农民收入,培育现代金融需求。

The key to the financial system is whether it can effectively meet the micro-financial demands or not. According to the typical financial demands of Chinese small-farmer clan, traditional financial arrangements, such as acquaintance credits, mutual aid credits, and non-governmental credits play an important role in rural areas. Only when the public mechanisms may take the place of the insurance function of clans, and then income reaches a certain level, can we introduce modern commercial financing to the areas. Therefore, currently the appropriate rural financial system should be characterized as multi-financial arrangements coexisting and echelon evolution. For this end, the chief responsibility of government is to increase farmers' income, and then to develop modern financial demands.