梨胶锈菌的重寄生菌研究——Ⅱ 重寄生菌的生物学特性

ON THE HYPERPARASITE OF PEAR GALL RUST PATHOGEN——BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERPARASITE

梨胶锈菌(Cymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe ex Yamada)的重寄生菌(Tuberculina vinosa Sacc.)在PDA、综合马铃薯和梨叶汁培养基上能生长、产孢,以PDA最好,Czapek和硝酸铵蔗糖上生长差且不产孢。菌丝生长和产孢的适温20～30℃,适宜pH6～9,荧光可促进产孢而黑光有抑制作用。对碳源的利用,菌丝生长和干重以甘露醇、葡萄糖等6种碳源为好,甘露醇最佳,淀粉最差;葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖和甘露醇中均能产孢,以葡萄糖最好。对氮源的利用,菌丝生长及干重以硝酸钾、甘氨酸和蛋白胨为好;产孢以天冬酰胺、蛋白胨和硝酸钾为好,甘氨酸和谷氨酸不产孢。孢子萌发适温15～30℃,相对湿度65～100％均能萌发,在水滴中萌发率最高,低于50％不萌发;最适pH4～6,低于pH3和高于pH8不萌发;光照有利于孢子萌发。

The hyperparasite (Tuberculina vinosa Sacc. )of pear gall rust (Gymnosporangium asi-aticam Miyabe ex Yamada) could produce spores and grow on PDA, integrative PDA, and Purus leaf extract media. Among them PDA was the best. The mycelium grew badly and no spore was produced on both Czapek and NH4NO3 sucrose media. The optimum temperature and pH value were 20-30℃ and 6-9 , respectively. The fluorescence promoted the spore formation while the blacklight fluorescence inhibited it. There were 6 kinds of carbon sources including mannitol and glucose, which were better for the mycelium growth and air-dried weight. Mannitol was the best and soluble starch was the worst one. The spores occurred on glucose, sucrose, fructose and mannitol media, among them glucose was the best. Among nitrogen sources, KNO3, glycine and peptone were better for mycelial growth and air-dried weight. The spore formation was better on asparagine, peptone and KNO3, No spore was produce on glycine, glutamic acid. The optimum temperature and relative humidity for spore germination were 15-30℃, 65 -100%,respectively, but best in drops of water. The spore could not germinate at the humidity lower than 50%RH. The optimum pH was 4 - 6. The spore could not germinate at pH lower than 3 or higher than 8. The light was favourable for the spore germination.