草地家畜放牧系统草畜平衡调控技术研究

Study on Manipulating Animal Demand with Pasture Supply in Livestock-Pasture Grazing System

划区轮牧是提高草地家畜系统产出和实现草地畜牧业可持续发展的最佳放牧制度。放牧管理的方针是把草层高度(草地牧草生物量)保持在最利于草地生长、草地质量和家畜采食的范围内。饲料计划依据不同的时期和管理层次分为饲料概算、饲料预算和放牧计划三个水平。饲料供给由草地牧草生长速度、草地生物量和补饲确定,而饲料需求由牧场家畜数量及其生产指标水平决定。实行季节畜牧业的经营管理策略,使草地供给和家畜需求达到季节和全年的动态平衡。系统管理和效益的三个关键是划区围栏、畜群结构和载畜量。

Subdivision together with rotational grazing optimize the performance of livestock-pasture system and improve sustainable developent.The guideline of grazing management is maintaining pasture cover within reasonable range that benefits pasture growth and quality,and animal intake.Feed plan involves feed profile,feed budget and grazing scheme according to the time period and managing level.Feed supply is determined by pasture growth rate,biomass and complements while feed demand is a function of animal number and individual performance.To match pasture supply with animal demand is by employing seasonal farming strategy.Subdivision,herd structure and stocking rate are the keys to systematical managerment and profits.