大气环流异常对山东雨季降水的影响

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIPITATION OVER SHANDONG IN SUMMER AND NORTHERN HEMISPHERE CIRCULATION ABNORMITY

利用1958～2003年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对山东旱涝年500hPa高度距平、高(200hPa)低(925hPa)层散度距平、OLR距平分布以及115～123°E山东东西边界范围内的平均垂直速度进行合成分析,并与华北旱涝年大气环流的分布特征进行了对比。结果发现:(1)北半球500hPa夏季存在的东亚-太平洋遥相关型(EAP)对山东夏季降水产生重要影响,山东涝年夏季500hPa呈现出EAP型,旱年呈负EAP型。(2)山东涝年,鄂霍茨克海高压春季偏强、夏季偏弱,山东上游易维持低压槽区,副高偏北,热带地区对流活动加强,Hadley和Walker环流加强,山东上空盛行上升运动。旱年与涝年的特征基本相反,只是鄂霍茨克海高压在春季和夏季均较常年偏强。(3)不同旱年(涝年)的500hPa特征与旱年(涝年)平均情况相似,只是有时距平中心位置和强度不同。特别是涝年,冷空气强度、入侵路径以及副高的位置均有差别。(4)华北旱涝年500hPa高度距平与山东不同。华北旱年500hPa欧亚大陆中高纬度呈现出EU遥相关分布,且华北涝年夏季鄂霍茨克海和朝鲜-日本地区位势高度变化不显著。(5)影响山东夏季降水的热带强迫源区主要位于热带印度洋、南海-热带西太平洋,两者实现遥相关的可能机制是热带强迫所激发的大尺度准定常Rossby波列的传播。

Using the monthly mean reanalysis data of height, wind and vertical velocity of NCEP/NCAR from 1958 to 2003, the characteristics of 500hPa height anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, convergence and divergence on the levels of 200hPa and 925hPa and vertical stream over the Shandong province were studied and compared with that over North China. The study shows that the teleconnection pattern called East Asia-Pacific pattern (EAP) plays important roles in the summer rainfall of Shandong. Weaker Okhotsk sea high, stronger upward stream over tropical areas and Shandong and northward location of subtropical high and stronger Indian low, are likely to lead to more rain in Shandong province in summer, but there are some flood (drought) years in which these characteristics such as the location and intensity of subtropical high change with the least extent. The difference between Shandong and North China in 500hPa height is that there is a teleconnection pattern called Europe / Asia pattern in North China, while there is a negative East Asia Pattern in Shandong during drought years. There is a teleconnection relation between Shandong summer rainfall and convective activities happening in tropical areas in spring and summer accomplished by the Rossby waves. During the flood years in Shandong, the convective activities happening in tropical India Ocean and tropical west Pacific and Walker circulation are much stronger than that during the drought years, but the convective activities happening in tropical east Pacific are weaker than those during the drought years.