果粮间作生态系统功能特征研究

STUDY ON THE FUHCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLE APPLE/CROPS INTERCROPPING AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

黄淮海平原豫北地区果粮间作生态系统功能特征研究结果表明：（１）果粮间作系统（苹果、小麦、花生）是一个多植物种群，多层次结构，多功能、多效益的人工生态系统；（２）果粮间作系统对灾害性干热风、高温、低温等气象条件起到抗逆作用，能提高土壤肥力，改变系统生物种群结构，增加系统的稳定性；（３）系统的年经济产量为５２１８．６ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１），年生产力为１７６４５．６ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１），年凋落量为２０６．９ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１），１９８８—１９９１年４年中，净经济效益为每公顷５０７８１．２元，能量现存量为７８．４６９９×１０￣（１０）Ｊ·ｈａ￣（－１），年固定能量为４９．６×１０￣（１０）Ｊ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１），光能转化率为１．１３８％，营养元素Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ在系统的累积量分别为６４０．８、１３０．８、１２８．４ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１），年吸收量分别为５５４．５、９６．７、２５３．９ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１），年归还量分别为１６．４、３．４、１０．４ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１），年归还率分别为：２．９％、３．５％、４．１％。

In this article,we have analysed the characteristics of Malus pumila inter-cropping with Triticum sativum and Arachis hypogaca(M.T.A.)community in the northern Henan province in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains and compared them with Farmland system(Trittcum sativum and Arachis hypogaea). The results showed that(1) The system is one that has multi-population, multi-levels,multi-performance and muIti-benefits;(2)The M.T.A. system can resist hot-dry wind,high and low temperature, and can increase soil natrient,change the structure of species population and increase the stability of system;(3)In M.T.A. system,the Economic yield was 5218.6kg·ha￣(-1),the annual productivity was 17645.6kg·ha￣(-1)·yr￣(-1),the litterfall amount was 206.9kg·ha￣(-1)·yr￣(-1),the net economic benefit from 1988 to 1991 was 50781.2yuan·ha￣(-1)·yr￣(-1),the stan-ding crop of energy was 78.4699 × 10￣(10)J·ha￣(-1), the annual net energy produc-tion was 49.6 × 10￣(10)J·ha￣(-1)·yr￣(-1), the energy transfermation efficiency of PHAR(ETE=NEP/PHAR × 100%)was 1.138%.(4)In M.T.A. system,the accumula-tions of N, P and K were 640.8, 130.8 and 328.4kg·ha￣(-1), respectively; the annual uptakes were 554.5, 96.7 and 253.9kg·ha￣(-1)·yr￣(-1), respectively;the an-nual returns were 16.4,3.4 and 10.4kg·ha￣(-1)·yr￣(-1),respectively;the return rates were 2.9%,3.5% and 4.1%, respectively.