侧金盏花属修订（二）

REVISION OF ADONIS (RANUNCULACEAE)(Ⅱ)

侧金盏花属修订（二）王文采ＲＥＶＩＳＩＯＮＯＦＡＤＯＮＩＳ（ＲＡＮＵＮＣＵＬＡＣＥＡＥ）（Ⅱ）￥ＷａｎｇＷｅｎ－ｔｓａｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｒｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ，ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００９３）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：１．Ｔｈｅｔａｘ...

he taxonomical history and the main uses of the genus are briefly reviewed.2. After analysing the various characters, morphological, palynological and cytological, several important evolutionary tendencies are revealed as follows:3. According to the evolutionary tendencies mentioned above, the relationships between the infrageneric taxa are elucidated. The monotypic sect. Leiocarpa (Adonis nepalensis)with simply architectonical achene is considered the extant primitive group of the genus Adonis, and the sect. Ancistrocarpium, sect. Adonanthe, and the subgen. Adonis might be all derived from it. In sect. Ancistrocarpium, A. chrysovyatha with achene most resembling that of A. nepalensis is considered the primitive species of that section. In sect. Adonanthe, ser. Anlurenscs with more primitive characters (less divided palmately compound leaves in A. davidii, less curved persistent style in A. brevistyla) is considered the primitive group of that section, and the other three series of it, ser. Coeruleae, ser. Apenninae, and ser. Vernales, might all originate from it. In subgen. Adonis, A. annua with achene closely reembling that of A. nepalensis is considered the primitive species of that subgenus. Being also with long-styled carpel, the sect. Rhynchocarpa is similar to sect. Ancistrocarpium of the perennial subgenus, and this phenomenon shows a parallel evoluhon in the Adonis. A. aestivalis and A. dentata with architectonically complicated achenes are considered advanced species.4. After analysing the geographical distribution of the species of the Adonis, severalspeculations may be drawn: (a) From the distribution area of sect. Ancistrocarpium, that ofser. Amurenses, and that of ser. Apenninae and ser. Wrnales, which might be a pair of sistergroups derived from ser. Amurenses, can be traced three migration routes: the first route being stretched from western Himalaya westward to southwestern Europe, the second onefrom Southwest China northeastward along the Chinese southwest--northea'st corridor(Wang 1992) to eastern Siberia and Japan, and the third one also from Southwest Chinanorthward to northern Asia. (b) In subgen. Adonl's. including 9 species, 8 species, Isubspecies, and 6 varieties are concentrated in the Middle East, and where may be the secondary center of differentiation of that subgenus. The center of origin of it might be locatedin western Himalaya. (c) A. nepalensi.v, the primitive species endemic in Nepal, has primitiveachenes and advanced pinnately compound leaves, and this phenomenon implies that thisspecies is not the most primitive species of the genus, which may have not been discoveredor may have been extinct. On the basis of the distribution pattern of the three migrationroutes mentioned above it is further postulated that near the distribution areas of the primihve species of ser. Amurenese (i. e. A. davidii and A. brevistyla), and between easternHimalaya and the Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China might be situated the mostprimitive species and also the center of origin of the genus Adonis.5. The taxonomical treatement to the genus is given. 30 species, 4 subspecies, I I variehes, and 2 forms are recognized. The perennial group and the annual group are all givensubgeneric rank. The achene plays an important role in the subdivision of the twosubgenera. In the perennial subgen. Adonanlhe, A. nepalensiJ' represents a monotypic section, being the extant primitive group of the genus as mentioned above. The sect.Ancistrocarpium is restored to accommodate the four species, A. chrysocyatha, A. cd)llenea,A. distorta, and A. Pyrenaica. The four series, Amurenses, Coeruleae. Apenninae, andVernales, described by Poschkurlat, are all adopted but with a modification to the ser.Amurenses and ser. Coeruleae, and they form the third section of the subgen. Adonanthe.According to the achene architecture, the annual species of the subgen. Adonis are classifiedintO three sections. Thus, a new classification of the genus Adonis is proposed, reflecting tosome extent the phylogeny of it. A systemtic key to the infragener