不同作物对铬毒害耐性的研究

STUDY ON TOLERANCE OF VARIOUS CROPS TO CHROMIUM TOXICITY

铬是一种重要的环境污染物,土壤中过量的铬将抑制作物生长,降低产量;作物中累积的铬又通过食物链富集于人体。因此,铬对粮食、蔬菜作物生长的影响,以及铬在农作物中的累积已为许多研究者所关注。但不同作物对铬毒害耐性的研究尚少见报道。本文采用4种粮食作物(6个品种)、5种牧草和7种蔬菜作物(10个品种)为对象,分析比较作物耐铬性的差异,并从生理生化方面探讨作物耐铬性的实质,以探讨重金属铬的毒害机理。

The experiments were conducted under soil (Yellow Brown Soil) culture conditions for study the tolcrance of twenty crops to chromium toxicity. The main results are as follows.Twenty crop species were cultured after soil application of Cr8+ 5-60 mgkg-1 or Cr3+ 50-800 mgkg-1 then examined for dry matter production, yield and the chromium accumulation in tissus. The results showed that the tolerance to chromium toxicity widely differed in various crops. The critical chromium (Cr8+, Cr3+) concentration of the soil at the yield reduced significantly arc different in various crops.The Chromium content in shoot and leaves of twenty crops increased with increasing of chromium in soil. The chromium content in tissue of sensitive crops was significantly higher than that of tolerant crops.The protective enzyme (SOD, CAT, POD) activity in tolerant crops was significantly higher than in sensitive crops, it was suggested that the difference of Crops protective enzyme activity probably is the mechanism of crops tolerance to chromium toxicity.