水稻与小麦吸硅规律与硅肥应用

REGULARITY OF SILICON UPTAKE AT THE GROWTH STAGE OF RICE AND WHEAT CROPS AND SILICON FERTILIZER APPLICATION

硅是士壤矿物质中含量最多的元素之一,而土壤溶液中能供给植物吸收利用的硅素(H_4SiO_4)却甚少,其浓度仅有0.5～12mgkg^(-1)Si,不同土壤种类差别很大。自然界里不同科属的植物对硅素吸收量差异悬殊,单子叶植物要比双子叶含硅量高许多倍,其中禾谷类作物皆为喜硅植物,尤以水稻为最。关于土壤与作物硅素养分和硅肥应用方面国内外的研究成果,已有数篇文献综述介绍[1—3]。 目前国内外硅肥来源均利用熔渣等经粉碎粗加工制成缓效性硅肥,由于它的化学性质决定了其施用量大,且限于随着整地作基肥施入。为了改变这种状况。

In the paper, experiments with the graminaceous crop-rice and wheat were carried out by using water culture and sand culture to study the relationship between the uptake of silicon by graminaceous crop and silicon supply of the different growth period. The preliminery experiment results showed that the most efficient time for applying silicon fertilizers was at tillering and jointing stage. According to the uptake characteristic of silicon by rice and wheat, we have suggested that apply silicon fertilizer at proper growth stage of the graminaceous crop.