中苏科学技术合作中的技术转移

Transfer of Technology in the Scientific and Technological Cooperation between China and the Soviet Union

20世纪40年代到60年代初,苏联的技术援华推动了现代技术向中国的大规模转 移。50年代初,为更好地协调、管理中苏在科技合作中的各项事宜,成立了中苏科技合作委员会, 推动了双方在研究机构、产品的研究开发和技术科学的学科建设等方面的合作,培养提高了我国科 研院所、设计机构和企业的技术能力。1956年,在苏联专家的建议和帮助下,我国制订了十二年 科技发展远景规划,确定了中国科技的发展方向、目标和基本政策,此举对我国科技的发展产生了 深远的影响。60年代初,随着两国关系的破裂,中苏科技合作中断,因而打乱了我国科技远景规 划的正常实施,造成了中方大量人力物力的浪费和损失。

The Soviet technological aid brought about a large-scale transfer modern technology to China from the 1940s to the early 1960s. In order to better coordinate and manage affairs concerning the Sino-Soviet cooperation the Sino-Soviet Scientific and Technological Cooperation Committee was set up in the early 1950s. The establishment of this committee promoted the cooperation between the two countries in collaboration among research institutions, research and development of new products and disciplinary construction of technologies, and upgraded the technical capabilities of China's research institutions, design setups and enterprises. With the suggestions and help from the Soviet experts China worked out the Twelve-year Long-range Plan of Scientific and Technological Development in 1956, which decided on the direction, goals and basic policies in the development of science and technology in China and exerted far-reaching influence over the scientific and technological development in China. With the break off of relations between the two countries, Sino-Soviet cooperation in the scientific and technological fields came to a stop in the early 1960s. It was impossible to carry out the Long-range Plan properly, causing enormous waste and losses in human and material resources to China.