城市环境地球化学研究综述

Review on Urban Environmental Geochemistry

近年来地球科学越来越多地面向城市 ,城市环境受到人类活动的广泛影响 ,自然及人类活动引起的城市地球化学问题日益受到人们的重视。城市环境地球化学是应用地球化学的原理和方法研究城市生态环境问题 ,主要研究城市土壤、沉积物、尘埃、地表水、地下水、生物、空气等介质中化学元素及同位素的分布、演化、环境作用及健康效应 ,重点解决城市地球化学环境质量变化的原理及由此产生的生态环境效应及人体健康效应。城市环境地球化学的主要研究对象是传统工业城市、典型矿业城市及国际化的大都市。在城市地球化学概念出现之后短短的 10余年时间内 ,很多国家开展了城市环境地球化学调查和研究工作 ,取得了重要的成果和进展 ,并发展成为环境地球化学与城市环境的重要方向 ,但仍存在着一定的问题 ,需要深入研究。目前 ,城市环境系统的地球化学填图、城市地球化学与环境污染研究、城市地球化学与生态风险研究、城市地球化学与人体健康研究。

Earth-science much more faced urban area recently. Anthropogenic activities impacted on urban environment, urban geochemical problems resulted from natural and anthropogenic processes were paid attention. Urban environmental geochemistry was a subject that applied the principles and methods of geochemistry to resolve urban ecological environmental problems. Urban environmental geochemistry mainly study distribution, evolution, reaction, process, ecological effects and human health of chemical elements and isotopes in urban soil, air, sediment, dust, surface water, groundwater, animal and plant. Urban environmental geochemistry focused on traditional industrial city, mining city and international metropolitan city and other cities. Since the concept of urban geochemistry was established in 1990, urban environmental geochemical survey and research was carried out in many countries, such as Great Britain, Germany, and Estonia. At present, urban environmental geochemistry has been becoming an important field of environmental geochemistry and urban environmental science. However, there are some problems to study deeply in urban geochemistry. The study concerning and frontiers of urban geochemistry are: (a) Geochemical mapping of urban environmental system, (b) Urban geochemistry and environmental pollution, (c) urban geochemistry and ecological risk, (d) urban geochemistry and human health, (e) Controlling of urban geochemical system and environmental planning.