印度尼西亚开放和远程教育的发展与经验

Open and Distance Education: Developments and Experiences from Indonesia

特布卡大学是印度尼西亚唯一一所完全采用远程教育教学模式的国立大学,旨在为那些无法进入面授高校的印尼人提供教育机会。特布卡大学的宗旨是增进高等教育的入学率,为全国公民提供优质高等教育的平等机会。其扩展高等教育的策略包括:与其他机构合作和联合,建立全国的网络化教育系统,并通过这一系统提供多样化的课程。通过这一策略,证明了特布卡大学有能力服务于全国每个角落的学生。在教育质量方面,特布卡大学采用整合学习包的方法,包括印刷教材和音像/计算机辅助教材,并辅以丰富的音频和电视节目,同时还提供一种超市模式的学习支持服务,学生可选择函授辅导、广播辅导、网上辅导以及传真-因特网辅导等方式。为了达到国际标准和基准,特布卡大学采用了亚洲开放大学协会建立的质量保证框架,来增进教育服务的质量。其质量保证系统包括九个部分:政策和计划,人力资源提供和开发,管理和行政,学习者,专业设计和开发,课程设计和开发,学生学习支持,学生评估以及学习媒体。为了保证远程教育的产品和服务质量,大学进一步制定了质量保证手册、应用系统及过程。展望未来,为了确保学生获得他们需要的优质服务,并保证本校提供的远程教育能符合国际质量标准。

Universitas Terbuka (UT) is a state university and the only institute in Indonesia that is entirely using the distance education mode of teaching. It is designed to serve Indonesian people who do not have access to face-to-face learning. UT is expected to increase access to higher education and to promote equity of quality higher education to all citizens of Indonesia. The strategies to widen access include operating on a nation-wide basis, developing collaborating and networking with external institutions, and offering various study programs. With these strategies, UT has been able to serve students at almost every corner of the country. With regard to quality, UT employs integrative learning packages that combine printed materials and audio/video/CAI programs, supplemented by enrichment materials in the form of audio and television programs. Furthermore, UT provides a supermarket model of learning support service that includes correspondence tutorials, radio tutorials, online tutorials and tutorials through fax-internet. As part of an effort to meet international standards and benchmarking requirements, UT has adopted the Asian Association of Open Universities (AAOU) Quality Assurance (QA) Framework to improve the quality of its educational service. The UT's QA system encompasses nine components, i.e. policy and planning, human resource provision and development, management and administration, learners, program design and development, course design and development, learner support, learner assessment, and media for learning. UT has further developed QA manuals, and applied systems and procedures to ensure the quality of its DE products and services. In the future, it will be important to seek quality certification and accreditation from an international body such as the International Council for Distance Education (ICDE) in order to ensure that the distance education provision of UT meets international quality standards, and that distance learners get the needed quality service from the institution.