一个中国私营部门发展模型

Modeling Private Sector Development in China

为讨论民营化、市场化对中国私营部门发展的影响,本文根据中国企业行为模式建立了一个简单经济数学模型。该文认为,由于中国的国有企业、私营企业和其他经济实体具有偏离利润最大化的多重目标,与单纯追求利润最大化的企业比较,它们倾向于利用更多的劳动力和资本生产更多的产品,但是,它们却只能获得更低的利润甚至亏损。这是中国经济高增长低效率的原因。本文还讨论了非利润目标和“准入成本”对企业数量和规模的影响。另外,模型分析表明,企业的管理能力和企业规模之间存在匹配问题。

In this paper,a simplified mathematical model based on the behavioral pattern of firms in the PRC is used to discuss the impact of marketization and privatization on private sector development. The model demonstrates that private enterprises,SOEs,and other entities undergoing reform in the PRC are entities with multiple objectives. This pattern of behavior leads to firms that tend to use more capital and labor to produce more output compared with pure profit-maximizing firms,but to earn fewer profits or to even register losses. The impacts of firms' non-profit objectives and the “costs of entry” on the size and number of firms are also discussed. The problem of matching between managerial ability and firm size is introduced to explain why gradual reform in PRC has succeeded,whereas the “Big Bang” in Russia failed.