明代文学思想转型期徐渭与王世贞之比较——兼论吴越文化、朝野文学之异同及影响

A Comparison between Xu Wei and Wang Shizhen at the Transition Period of Ming Literary Thought

王世贞、徐渭是活跃于明代嘉靖、隆庆和万历前期的两位重要作家,由于他们分别受吴、越不同区域文化的影响,更由于他们在科举中得意或失意的不同遭际,使他们形成了朝、野不同的文化心态和或“剂”或“畸”不同的思维方式,其文学理论与文学创作的风貌也大不相同。徐渭由“科名艺苑皆失位”而身后成为晚明公安派文学解放思想的先驱,王世贞则由狎主文坛而身后经常背负骂名。这说明作家或流派在文学史上的地位与影响,取决于其文学思想的创新与文学创作的实绩。

Wang Shizhen and Xu Wei were two important writers active during the reigns of Jiajing, Longqing, and early Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. For different cultural influences of the Wu and the Yue regions, and more for their different experiences of success and failure in imperial examinations, they had formed a cultural mind state and way of thinking all their own, and their literary theories and creations are likewise substantially different from each other. Xu, owing to his 'failure in both imperial examination and art circles,' became, posthumously, the pioneer of the thought of literature liberation of the Gongan School of late Ming, whereas Wang, for his lording it over the literary world, earned himself frequent infamy after his death.