摘要
运用固定面积法调查了青林三个主要演替阶段森林(阔叶林、混交林和针叶林)的鸟类群落结构。结果表明,混交林中鸟类物种数、鸟类物种多样性和种团多样性最高,阔叶林最低。方差分析和聚类分析均表明,三种演替阶段森林的鸟类群落组成差异显著。所记录到的35种鸟类中有11种差异显著。其中,山雀科和科在阔叶林中占优势,而柳莺亚科在混交林和针叶林中占优势。食性种团中,阔叶林以食虫鸟和食果食虫鸟为主;混交林和针叶林均以食虫鸟、食果食虫鸟、食谷鸟和食果鸟为主。鉴于阔叶林和混交林有向顶级群落(针叶林)演替的趋势,建议采取人为干扰来维持三种演替阶段森林的面积,以便从景观水平上保护鸟类物种多样性。
The structures of bird communities and guilds were compared among three successional-stage forests (deciduous forest, mixed forest and coniferous forest) to evaluate the effect of natural succession on breeding bird communities. The number of bird species, species diversity and guild diversity were the highest in the mixed forest and the lowest in the deciduous forest. Results from multiple comparisons and cluster analysis showed that there were differences in bird communities among three stages. Eleven of 36 recorded bird species differed significantly among three successioanal stages. Guilds also showed different responses to natural succession. For example, frugivore and gramnivore were most abundant in the mixed and deciduous forests. From a conservation point of view, bird biodiversity will be favored by the protection of all successional stages since different stages possess different bird communities and guilds. Artificial disturbance is recommended to maintain three successional stages, and, consequently, to maintain bird species diversity at the landscape scale.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(39870140)
