癌症放疗患者营养状况分析及评价

Nutritional analysis and assessment of cancer patient undergoing radiotherapy

目的分析接受放疗的肿瘤患者营养状况、营养素摄入及膳食结构。方法采用膳食回顾法和称量法相结合的方法,对120例患者进行了营养素摄入量及膳食结构调查;通过体格测量及血液中血红蛋白(HB)、血清白蛋白(Alb)和总淋巴细胞(totallymphocytecount,TLC)等生化指标分析了解患者营养状况。结果放疗患者热能摄入不足,平均为5862kJ(1400kcal),占参考摄入量(dietaryrecommendedintakes,DRIs)的76%;蛋白质和碳水化合物来源不足,脂肪摄入过高,占DRIs的123%;Ca、Fe、Zn、维生素A和维生素B1摄入不足。膳食结构中存在谷类、水产品和豆制品摄入较少的问题。贫血患病率为40%左右,消瘦[体质指数(bodymassindex,BMI)<18.5]比例为23%。结论癌症放疗患者肥胖与消瘦并存,蛋白质储备及碳水化合物摄入不足,脂肪摄入过高,膳食结构需要调整。

OBJECTIVE:To assess the nutritional status, nutrients intake and dietary composition of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS:A total of 120 cases were selected for the study, 3-day dietary recall and weighed food record methods were used, and anthropometric dimensions and blood biochemical markers were analyzed. RESULTS:The average energy intake was 5 862 kJ/d per capita, lower than DRIs. Protein and carbohydrates intakes were lower while the fat intake was higher. Ca, Fe, Zn, VitA, VitB_1 intakes were insufficient. The incidence of anemia was 40%, the percentage of underweight(BMI<18.5) was 23%. The dietary structure also verified that these deficiencies were related with the lower intake of grain, vegetable, aquatic products and soybean.CONCLUSION:In cancer patients receiving radiotherapy malnutrition and obesity were in coexistence, protein and carbohydrate intakes were poor, and the dietary structure was imbalance.