侵权法上的原因力理论研究

A Research on the Causal Force Theory in Tort Law

在数人的分别加害行为不构成一个整体原因但致受害人同一损害后果之情形,需要解决多数加害人的责任分配问题。在受害人有过错而减轻或免除行为人责任之情形以及共同侵权责任人在承担连带责任后内部分割责任份额之情形,也需要相应的规则来分配责任。过去的理论比较侧重于从过错中寻找答案,而作者认为对这些情形的责任分配之基本规则主要应当是原因力,即主要依据各当事人的分别行为对同一损害后果之发生所起作用之大小确定其责任,但是这并不否认比较过错规则在一些案件中的作用。

It is necessary to distribute liability among the several tortfeasors when their separate act did not form a whole cause but results in the victim' s same damage. We need some corresponding rules to distribute liability under comparative negligence to alleviate or avoid the tortfeasor's liability and apportion liability between joint and concurrent tortfeasors after they have assumed the joint liability. In the past, the scholars frequently looked for the answers from the fault, but the authors believe that it is the causative potency which should be the general rule to distribute liability under these circumstances, that is, mainly based on the magnitude of effect of the occurrence of the same damage caused by the parties' separate behaviors to ascertain their respective liabilities, but it would not deny the significance of the rule of comparative negligence.