人保海洋运输货物保险条款中的“一切险”条款

Analysis of "all risks" clause in PICC marine cargo insurance

针对我国海上货物保险业务实践中“一切险”的承保范围及其涉及的举证责任问题,结合我国海上货物保险中“一切险”条款的历史由来以及英国海上保险中的相关做法和理论,探讨了“一切险”条款的本意。结合我国《国务院组织法》、《立法法》、《合同法》的具体规定及相关法律原理阐明了对我国海上保险中“一切险”承保范围的理解:“一切险”条款中的“外来原因”不应被理解为“列明风险”;银函(1997)210号《关于海洋运输货物一切险条款的解释的请示的复函》仅为一种内部行业解释,不应当然成为保险合同条款的一部分。

The disputes over covered risks and the burden of proof under the 'all risks' clause of marine cargo insurance have caused great problems in the practice of insurance and judgment, which should be solved as soon as possible. Under the legal system of China, comparing the history of 'all risks' clauses of China with that of England, with reference made to the relevant rules and regulations, a conclusion has been drawn as follows: 'the loss of or damages to the subject-matter insured' in 'all risks' clause shall not be specified, while the explanation on the risks covered in 'all risks' clause made by China People's Bank in 1997 shall not be included in the contract of insurance unless quoted specially and clearly.