高速动能导弹及超高速导弹用固体火箭推进剂

Solid Propellants Applying for Kinetic or Hyper-velocity Missiles

综述了国外几种主要动能拦截导弹、战术动能导弹和超高速导弹以及其所用固体推进剂的配方和主要性能,在此基础上分析了高速动能导弹和超高速导弹对固体推进剂在性能方面的需求。推进剂的高压燃烧稳定性问题以及采用新型含能材料组分的NEPE类配方是高速动能导弹发射推进剂研究开发的重点技术领域和发展趋势;燃气清洁、快速点火响应以及能在高过载条件下稳定工作等是当前KKV轨/姿控系统对固体推进剂性能的主要要求。尽管在实用性能上存在很多问题,但凝胶推进剂应用于轨/姿控系统具有更加灵活的能量输出控制能力,可使KKV更具智能飞行和快速机动的能力,是KKV控制用推进剂的发展方向。

Information on some foreign kinetic missiles and hyper-velocity missiles, and the formations and performances of solid propellants were presented and some demands on performance of solid propellant used for the missiles were analyzed. It is found that a new type of NEPE propellant which can operate reliably in high pressure rocket motors is the trend and hot issue of research on launching kinetic missiles and hyper-velocity missiles. The Divert/Attitude Control System (DACS) of KKV has some demands on properties of solid propellant, such as cleanly exhaust, flash ignition, burning stably in highly over-loading condition, etc. Although there are a number of issues that need to be resolved in order to make gel propellant applicable to the DACS of KKV, gel propellant provides the on-demand thrust needed for KKV smart flight and rapid maneuverability. Concerning the energy management capabilities, gel propellant, compared with solid propellant, has better adaptability for advanced KKV in future.