苏州城郊村镇分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Villages and Towns in Suburbs of Suzhou

苏州市郊区村镇密布,基本上呈一里一村。在近20年的地区城市化快速发展带动下,村镇面积也逐步扩大,但众多村镇的空间分布格局一直未变。在苏州实现全面小康社会目标以及保护耕地,实现耕地总量动态平衡的要求下,村镇的传统分布格局必须有所调整,否则会影响小康目标以及可持续发展在整个地区的顺利实现。为此,利用遥感和GIS技术提取了苏州城郊390个村镇的空间分布特征参数,主要包括村镇面积、面积等级、密度以及村镇之间距离。通过对这些参数的统计分析,探讨了本区村镇分布的主要影响因素和基本表现规律,分析了进行苏州郊区村镇布局调整的可能性与意义,在此基础上提出了一种进行村镇布局调整的决策方法,从地理科学角度为苏州地区耕地保护和城乡统筹科学发展提供技术支持。

Villages and towns, generally spaced 0.5 km apart, are densely distributed in suburban area of Suzhou city. Urbanization has been going on quickly for recent two decades in Suzhou region; the GDP ratio in 2003 is 18% higher than the previous year. Meanwhile, in the suburbs of Suzhou, the villages and small towns have been sprawling gradually in size. However, their spatial distribution form remains unchanged. This study mainly includes the following steps. First, we selected three sampling areas around Suzhou city from satellite images in the year 2000, with 172,145 and 73 villages and small towns in each sampling area, and the densities of villages and towns in sampling areas are 2.2, 4.2 and 3.6/km2 separately. Secondly, based on GIS software, we obtained an outline map of villages and towns in the three sampling areas in vector form, and calculated area for each village or town. We classified these 390 villages and small towns by their areas, and found that the area of most villages is at the range of ten thousand to seventy thousand m2. Thirdly, we extracted pattern information of short and long axes of polygons of villages and towns from each sampling area, and found out the average length is 121 m at short axis and 428 m at long axis in the whole study area. Comparing satellite images of 1986 with those of 2000, and with the aid of vector map, we can find out that the directions of long axes of villages and towns were mainly affected by river course in the past, and influenced obviously by road course in recent decade. Finally, depending on the distance values between villages or towns, we suggest that if the distance is shorter than 400 m, the smaller village should be merged into a bigger village or town nearby.