地理数据尺度转换方法研究进展

A Review on the Methodology of Scaling with Geo-Data

尺度问题在地理学、生态学和水文科学等众多领域都具有非常重要的地位。近年来,随着对地观测技术和地理信息科学的飞速发展,解决地理数据的尺度转换问题成为目前地理信息科学及相关研究中的热点和难点问题之一。在地理信息科学相关领域中,地图学和遥感科学研究人员从尺度概念的理解到尺度转换的理论和方法都做了大量的研究,对解决地理数据空间特征的尺度转换做出了重要的贡献。在地理数据属性特征的尺度转换研究领域,地理信息科学研究者提出的面域插值方法是解决此问题的主要方法之一。同时,在社会经济科学领域,“小区域统计学”也发展了一套相关的理论和方法,试图解决统计单元的变更问题。文章在全面回顾和比较不同研究领域解决“尺度转换”问题方法的基础上,重点介绍面域插值方法和小区域统计学的基本原理及其典型应用。

The ability to change scale is one of the main development topics in GIS and RS. GIS and image processing systems have offered some tools for multi-scale approaches. But the capabilities are limited. Scaling of multi-scale Geo-data is one of the suitable methods to deal with this problem. In this paper, the detailed review was done by comparing different methods in different research areas. Areal interpolation is the most important way to solve the scaling problems in GISci. And sociologists and economists have developed the small area statistics to solve the problem of the changing of the statistical units. And the review shows that there are some similar principles in different methodologies, and each one has its special pivots.