五行、九宫与八卦——胡渭《易图明辨》"五行、九宫"说述评

Five-element, Nine-palace, and the Eight-trigram:A recount and commentary on the theory of Five-element and Nine-palace in HU Wei's Yi tu Ming bian

胡渭对后人以"五行生成数"和"九宫数"为"河图"、"洛书"的来龙去脉进行了剖析,辨明了五行、九宫与八卦的关系,指出,春秋战国时期的阴阳五行之说,是一套独立的系统,它的五行生成之数说与《周易》中的天地之数说还是相矛盾的,也没和八卦发生任何关系。"九宫数"原本与九数图的"河图"(或称"洛书")也毫无关系,也是后人硬把它们扯到一起的。胡渭的考证虽有待进一步的深入,但他认为五行数、九宫数与八卦、古河图原不相涉的说法,还是无可辩驳的。

HU Wei in his Yi tu Ming bian (A Clarified Discrimination of the Figures and Diagrams in Yi) analyzed the origin and evolution of the later generations' definition of the He Tu (the He Map) by the producing and completing numbers of the five elements and that of the Luo Shu (the Luo Book) by the numbers of the nine palaces, and clarified the correlation between the five elements, nine palaces, and eight trigrams. He finally concluded that, the Yin-yang and Five-element theory in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period was an independent system. Its five-element producing and completing numbers then contradicted to the heaven-earth numbers in Zhouyi and were not related to the eight trigrams at all. And the 'Nine-palace numbers' originally have nothing to do with the He Tu (or Lu Shu) Diagram made up of nine numbers, but were stiffly drawn together by later generations. Though HU Wei's textual research remains to be further deepened, his adherence to the irrelevance between the Five-element numbers and eight trigriams, between the Nine-palace numbers and the ancient He Tu is irrefutable.