我国城市化进程与就业增长相关分析

Correlational Analysis of Urbanization and Employment Growth in China

目前,我国城市化已经进入加速阶段,但城市化水平明显滞后于经济发展水平。从动态过程来看,城市化对扩大城市就业乃至整个社会就业都是有积极意义的。体制问题、产业结构问题、农村土地制度问题、过于注重发展小城镇是我国城市化程度低和就业不充分的症结所在。应该充分发挥企业群集、工业化、结构升级、农村土地制度改革、中小城市扩容、服务业发展、农民工进城等环节对就业的促进作用。通过认真贯彻科学发展观,统筹城乡发展,加快大中城市的发展力度,加快发展服务业,逐步提高就业弹性,深化农村土地制度改革,建立更加灵活的土地制度,切实关心失地农民的就业和社会保障问题,扎扎实实地推进城市化,确保城市化与促进就业的联动。

Although urbanization in China has accelerated, its progress still lags far behind economy development. From a dynamic perspective, urbanization leads to more employment opportunities. However, problems of the administrative system, industrial structure, land system in rural areas, and over-emphasis on development of small towns are the critical factors that have hindered the process of urbanization, resulting in under employment. In light of all this, we should resort to the potential capacity of the enterprises, industrialization, up-grading of industrial structure, reform of the land system in rural areas, expansion of small- and medium-sized cities, development of the service industry, immigrant workers from rural areas and so on for improving employment. Policies that support the scientific concept of development and balance development in urban and rural areas should be implemented. In addition, quickening the development of large and medium cities as well as the service industry, increasing the elasticity of employment,and continuing the reform of the land system for more flexible use of the land are also suggested. The authors also point out that more attention should be directed to issues of employment and social security of the peasants,especially those who have lost their land, before we can promote further urbanization and guarantee that urbanization and employment develop hand in hand.