空气和空调器样本中SARS冠状病毒的检测

EXAMINATION OF SARS CORONAVIRUS IN AIR AND AIR CONDITIONER SAMPLES

为研究SARS的传播途径,给医务人员防护提供依据。采用8级安德森空气微生物采样器对SARS病房中空气进行采样、收集空调器冷凝水和空调器滤网尘土标本,应用常规反转录套式PCR检测样本中SARS冠状病毒。结果,共检测40份样,检出阳性标本18份,阳性率为45%;其中空气标本36份,阳性15份,2份空调滤网尘土标本均为阳性,2份空调冷凝水标本检出1份阳性。随机挑选PCR阳性标本2份进行病毒分离试验,2份均为阳性。结果显示,检测SARS病房空气标本以及空调器冷凝水和空调器滤网尘土标本,均获得较高的SARS冠状病毒阳性率并分离到存活病毒。表明环境空气中存在活的SARS冠状病毒,推测SARS确有可能通过空气飞沫传播,本结果可供SARS病房的医护人员采取防护措施参考。

The transmission route of SARS was studied in order to provide basis for protection of medical personnel. Samples of air on SARS ward was collected using 8-grade Andersen air microorganism sampler. Condensation water of air conditioner and dust samples on air conditioner filter were collected. SARS coronavirus in samples was examined using routine reverse transcription PCR. Results: A total of 40 samples were examined and 18 samples were found to be positive with a positive rate of 45%, of which 36 were air samples and 15 were positive, both of the 2 dust samples from air conditioner filter were positive and one of the 2 condensation water samples from the air conditioner was positive. Two PCR positive samples were selected randomly for virus isolation test and both were found to be positive. The results showed that examination of the SARS ward air samples, condensation water of air conditioner and dust samples from air conditioner filter obtained high positive rate of SARS coronavirus and isolation of living virus, indicating that there is living SARS coronavirus in environmental air. It is inferred that there is real possibility of transmission of SARS through air droplet. The above results can provide reference for medical and nursing personnel of SARS ward to take protective measures.