南疆棉花磷钾肥底基础上的氮肥效应研究

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Cotton Based on Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Applications at South of Xinjiang

2000-2003连续四年的田间小区试验结果表明,在磷钾底肥基础上施用氮肥在不同地区或不同棉花品种上有不同的增产效应。棉花产量与氮肥施用量之间呈显著的二次相关关系,棉花产量在一定范围内随氮肥用量增加而增加,过量施用氮肥棉花产量有下降的趋势。适量施氮增加棉铃数量,降低脱落率,施氮不足或过量都不利于棉铃生长发育。同时,过量施氮棉田深层土壤中残留大量硝态氮,成为潜在的环境污染源。

Results of four years’ field tests from 2000 to 2003 were as follows: based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applications, applying of nitrogen fertilizer increased cotton yield distinctly in different varieties or in different regions. Cotton yields were quadratic correlated with N rates. Cotton yields increased with N rates increase within a suitable range, and declined with excessive N rates. Cotton bolls number enhanced and shedding rate depressed with suitable N rate, insufficient or excessive N rate were all unfavorable to growth and development of cotton bolls. At the same time, a great deal of nitrate remained in deep soil,these excessive N will becomelatencyenvironment pollution sources.