从“人”的发现到“以人为本”——马克思的“人学”发展理路

From the Discovery of “Man” to “People Foremost” —— Marx's Thought on Development of Mankind

马克思对“人”的新发现在于揭示出“人是人的最高本质”、人的本质是一切社会关系的总和等命题 ,并从人的存在方式的多样性角度提炼出人的本质和特点。马克思人学思想有着深刻的“以人为本”底蕴 ,表现在 :人处于实践和理论的出发点地位 ;社会发展是“人的解放”的过程 ;“每个人的自由发展”是人的发展的目的。马克思人学思想有着强烈的实践性特征。

Marx' new discovery about man lies in such propositions as “human beings' natures are themselves”, “man's nature is the totality of all social relationships”. He abstracts man's nature and features from the perspective of diversified existent modes of mankind. Marx's thought on man includes such details as “people foremost”, which can be demonstrated by the ideas that man is in the position of a starting point and that social development is the process of “liberation of mankind”, and that human development aims at each person's free development. There is a striking feature of practice in Marx's thought on human beings.