连峡河小流域不同森林类型凋落物持水特性研究

Studies on the Characteristics of Water Absorption for Litter Form on Different Type Forest Ground Surface at Lianxiahe Watershed

对三峡库区的连峡河小流域不同林分林下凋落物数量及其最大持水量和吸水速率等水文特征参数进行了分析与研究,结果表明,凋落物数量针阔混交林> 柏木林> 马尾松林> 针叶混交林> 阔叶林> 灌木林。各个森林类型的林下凋落物的未分解层的最大持水量柏木林> 针叶混交林> 灌木林> 针阔混交林>阔叶林> 马尾松林。各个森林类型的林下凋落物的半分解层的最大持水量马尾松林> 针阔混交林>柏木林>针叶混交林> 阔叶林> 灌木林。在该区中柏木林的林下凋落物的持水能力最大,其余依次是针叶混交林、针阔混交林、马尾松林、阔叶林和灌木林。在只有凋落物覆盖的情况下,不出现水分下渗和地表径流时的最大降水量及最大降水强度各种林分是不同的。

Through the survey of forest litter from amount and experiment of water holding characteristics in six kinds of forest stands (the forest of Cupressus funebris Endl. , the mixed forest of conifer,the mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf,the forest of broadleaf,the forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb. and the bush forest) in the Lianxia River watershed in the Three Gorge Reservoir Area, some characteristics parameter of forest hydrology were gained, such as the different kinds of forest litter form amount, the maximum water capacity and water absorb speed. The results showed that the amount of the litter form is the mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf, the pure foest of Cupressus funebris Endl., the forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb., the mixed forest of conifer, the forest of broadleaf and the bush forest in quantity order. The maximum water capacity of the undecomposed litter form is the forest of Cupressus funebris Endl., forest of conifer, the bush forest, the mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf, the forest of broadleaf and the forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb. in quantity order. The maximum water capacity of the halfdecomposed litter form is the forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb., the mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf, the forest of Cupressus funebris Endl., the mixed forest of conifer, the forest of broadleaf and the bush forest in quantity order. In this watershed, the water capacity of the litter form of the forest of Cupressus funebris Endl. is the most, and conifer, mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf, forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb., forest of broadleaf and bush forest follow the next in order. When there is litter form covering soil only and there is no water infiltration and no water running off from ground surface, the maximum rainfall amount and the maximum rainfall intensity in different forest stands different.