2002年西安地区常绿园林植物冻害分析

Investigation of the Freezing Injury on the Evergreen Park Plants in Xi’an in 2002

本文对西安植物园露地栽培的常绿园林植物在2002年冬季低温天气过程中的冻害表现进行了调查。结果显示,所调查的37种植物中,有26种受到不同程度的冻害。其中,冻害等级5级以上的有山玉兰(Magnoliadelavayi)、香樟(Cinnamomumcamphra)等4种,基本上不能在西安地区露地越冬;3～4级的有6种,能在本地区越冬,但植物组织受到较大破坏,将其用做绿化苗木对城市景观有一定影响;其余均在2级以下,低温基本上对其不造成危害,是西安地区园林绿化的适宜植物种类。对近10年来冬季年际气温变化与植物受冻害程度的分析认为:造成本次冻害的主要原因是连续9a暖冬气候对植物的驯化、当年秋季水热充足,植物秋季生长过旺,木质化程度低,抗寒能力下降所致。

This paper inverstigated the freezing injury of the evergreen garden plants cultivated in Xi'an Botanical Garden in winter in 2002.The results showed that 26 species had different degrees of freezing injury in the investigated 37 species. For example Magnolia delavayi and Cinnamomum camphra suffered injury grade 5.They could hardly live overwinter in Xi'an,6 species were injuried grade 3~4, indicating that they could live in the area,but the plant tissues were damaged. Other species have injury-index 2 or below 2,which could not be damaged by low temperature and they are the adaptive landscaping plants in Xi'an area.With the comparison between the meteorological factors and freezing injury index and the analysis of the recent ten-years temperatures in winter, it was found that the main reasons of the freezing injury in 2002 were the acclimatization of continuous 9-years warm winter and the abundant rainfall and heat in that autumn.The plants outgrew and had little lignification.So they have low cold endurance.