栽培因子对抗虫杂交棉生育期及产量形成的影响

Effects of Cultural Factors on Early Maturity and Yield of Transgenic Hybrid Cotton Variety

为提高杂交棉产量和品质,采用二次回归最优混合设计(311设计),研究了播期、栽培密度、施氮量三个栽培因子与抗虫杂交棉农杂62早熟性及产量性状的关系.结果表明:栽培因子对群体总果节量、成铃率、总铃数、单铃重、霜前皮棉产量及总产量均有显著影响.不同处理群体总果节量变幅为(224.1～328.5)×104个/hm2,单株铃数变幅为23.57～52.94个,全株平均单铃重随施氮量的增加而显著提高,早播使全株平均单铃重降低,密度对单铃重无显著影响,缺氮和早播导致霜前花比例显著增高.经模拟寻优,供试品种农杂62在湖南棉区4月17～18日播种、每公顷栽培2.25×104株、施氮量为262.5kg/hm2时,最高皮棉产量可达2238.6kg/hm2.

The field experiments were carried out on the farm of Hunan Agricultural University,in 2002 and 2003.The effect of sowing date,planting density and nitrogen applying rate on early maturity and yield of Nongza62,a bollworm-resistant hybrid cotton variety were studied by non-linear regression orthogonal combination optimum design (the 311-design).The results showed:1) The days from emergence to boll opening varied with sowing date and nitrogen applying rate,but it varied little with planting density.2) There were observable effects of the factors on the total fruit nodes,the ratio of bolls retention,total bolls,the lint yield and the rate of lint yield before frost per hm2.3) The average weight of seed cotton per boll would be increased conspicuously as the increasing of nitrogen and decreased as sowing early,but it varied little in different planting density.4) The highest lint yield 2 238.6 kg/hm2 would be obtained at the condition of sowing at April 17~18th,2.25×104 plants/hm2,dressing N 262.5 kg/hm2 under the condition of special ecosystem cultivation,in Hunan.