《道藏》中的两种磨镜药研究

An Inquiry into Two Substances in Dao Zang(Taoist Patrology)Used for Polishing Bronze Mirrors

通过对收录于《道藏》之中的《上清明鉴要经》和《洞玄灵宝道士明镜法》两部经书所记载的两则磨镜药史料的考证分析,提出至晚在南北朝时期中国已经发明了用锡汞齐镀镜的技术,其技术很可能由方士或道士在炼制黄金白银、金丹大药的过程中或社会小范围内发展起来的;在宋代之前,用锡汞齐磨镜的技术仅仅在部分炼丹道士中应用流传,宋之后由于道教外丹术的衰落,用锡汞齐磨镜的技术流传于民间。

Through textual research and analysis on two historical materials in Dao Zang's Shangqing Mingjian Yaojing and Dongxuan Lingbao Daoshi Mingjingfa used for polishing bronze mirrors,this article holds that:China had already mastered the technique of plating a bronze mirror with an alloy of stannum,lead and hydrargyrum during the Northern and Southern Dynasties at latest,and this technique was quite probably developed by necromancers or Taoists in the process of producing artificial gold and silver,golden elixir and great elixir;before the Song Dynasty,the technique of using the alloy of stannum,lead and hydrargyrum to polish a bronze mirror was only prevalent among a part of Taoist alchemists;and after the Song Dynasty,due to the decline of Taoist laboratory alchemy,the technique of using such an alloy was spread among the people.