不同除草处理对经济林果园地水土保持作用的初步研究

Study on Effect of Weeds Control Measure to Soil and Water Conservation on Slope Garden

丘陵、中低山区(海拔<15 0 0m)是经济林果木发展的主要适生区域,亦是人类活动最频繁的区域,生态系统脆弱,一旦土壤地被物遭破坏,极易引起严重的水土流失。通过在四川盆地紫色土桃园地和盆边山地黄壤茶园地设置16个径流场,进行4种除草处理,应用不同除草方式调控水土流失试验1年,结果表明:(1)除草试验处理的土壤侵蚀量和养分(N ,P ,K ,OM)流失量排序是:耕作除草>草甘膦除草>克无踪除草>割草覆盖(CK)。(2 )除草试验处理的土壤侵蚀量:与传统耕作除草相比较,坡度2 5°和坡度10°的桃园地应用草甘膦除草、克无踪除草和割草覆盖(CK)土壤侵蚀量分别减少6 1 7% ,6 7 6 % ,85 7%和12 6 % ,2 4 2 % ,5 0 4 % ;坡度18°和坡度8°的茶园地土壤侵蚀量分别减少71 2 % ,84 3% ,89 3%和16 2 % ,5 2 3% ,82 8%。(3)桃园地应用草甘膦除草,土壤养分N ,P ,K ,OM流失量比克无踪除草分别高19 9% ,9 2 % ,2 3 3% ,15 4 % (坡度2 5°)和16 2 % ,15 3% ,17 0 % ,2 0 6 % (坡度10°) ;茶园地应用草甘膦除草土壤养分N ,P ,K ,OM流失量比克无踪除草分别高89 6 % ,90 7% ,80 0 % ,10 6 6 %(坡度18°)和85 1% ,81 4 % ,76 2 % ,83 9% (坡度8°)。(4)除草试验处理的杂草生物量和盖度:桃园地和茶园地应用草甘膦、克无踪?

The hilly and mountainous area(altitude<1 500 m)of Sichuan Basin and its edge in upper reaches of Yantz River is main suitable region for economical plant as well as the most frequent region of human activity. The surface runoff and soil erosion are serious so long as the cover plant of soil in the region is destroyed. We have established sixteen trial plots(100 m^2 each) for surface runoff and soil erosion adjusted by weed control in two kinds of slope on peach and tea garden, and four treatments of weed control(Glyphosate,Gramoxone,Tillage, and Weed cutoff-CK) have been carried out for four times a year. It has been conducted for one year.The results are as follows: (1)Soil erosion and nutrient loss by surface run off in weed control trial plots is Tillage>Glyphosate>Gramoxone>Weed cutoff(CK).(2)Amount of soil erosion in weed control trial: Soil erosion for Glyphosate, gramoxone and Weed cutoff(CK),compared with Tillage, reduced by 61.7%,67.6%,85.7% and 12.6%,24.2%,50.4% on 25°and 10°slope peach garden, 71.2%,84.3%,89.3% and 16.2%,52.3%,82.8% on 18°and 8°slope tea garden,respectively.(3)Nutrient loss of N,P,K,OM for Glyphosate application,compared with Gramoxone, increased by 19.9%,9.2%,23.3%,15.4% and 16.2%,15.3%,17.0%,20.6% on 25°and 10°slope peach garden, 89.6%,90.7%,80.0%,106.6% and 85.1%,81.4%,76.2%,83.9% on 18°and 8°slope tea garden,respectively.(4)The biomass、cover degree on trial plots: The biomass of weeds for Glyphosate, Gramoxone and Tillage incomparison with CK is 16.0%,60.0%,75.0% and 5.9%,43.9%,79.5% on peach and tea garden, respectively.The cover dgree of weeds for Glyphosate, Gramoxone,Tillage and CK is 40%,80%,65% and 95% and 25%,80%,95% and 95% on peach and tea garden,respectively.