高坝——水电站工程建设中的关键科学技术问题

High Dam-Key Science & Technology Problem in Hydropower Station Construction

水电资源的开发不可避免地要修建巨型水电站工程包括巨型高坝, 而这些巨型水电站往往具有水头高、流量大、地震烈度高及地形地质条件复杂的特点。目前中国正在规划、设计和建设的水电站中, 高坝的工程技术指标已有多项超过了世界水平, 所以必将遇到和涉及前人未曾处理过的难题。为此, 本文从高坝地基稳定的岩土力学方面、高坝的结构强度方面、高坝地震动力学与抗震方面、高坝水力学与流体力学方面、高坝混凝土材料等等方面提出了必须加强基础理论研究的若干科技前沿问题, 并提出了几点展望。

The development of water resources inevitably need built large-scale hydropower stations including huge high dams.Those huge hydropower stations often have some features such as high head,large flow,high seismic intensity as well as complicated geological and topographic conditions.Some indexes of engineering technology ofhigh dam have exceeded the world levels in many hydropower stations planned,designed and built in China.Some difficult problems,therefore,that have not been treated before must be met and involved.In the article the author presents some science and technology problems on the forward position which must be researched in basic theory from different respects such as rock-soil mechanics involved foundation stability of high dam,structure intensity of high dam,earthquake resistant and seismic dynamics of high dam,flow mechanics and hydromechanics of high dam,concrete materials of high dam and etc.. The writer also raises several prospects.