东汉初年西北边郡的省并与徙吏民问题

A Study on the Abandon of Jun(郡) and Movement of Officials and Common People in the Northwest Frontier during the Early Years of the Eastern Han Dynasty

省郡指边郡的放弃,意味着行政体系在空间上的收缩;徙民则是指农耕居民向内地迁移,意味着农耕区的内缩;徙吏则体现了行政机构的撤销,意味着行政建制的部分省弃,与省郡在性质上是一致的,但是有程度上的区别。一般来说,前者可以涵盖后两者,省郡的同时亦是徙吏民;但是后两者不等于前者,徙吏民并不代表省郡。笔者还指出东汉初年的省郡和徙吏民并非消极退让之举,而是保民安边之策,并为西北边防形势的好转创造了条件。

In general, Jun abandon means the shrink of administration system in space, while migration of farmers to inland means the shrink of farmland, and migration of bureaucracy means the retraction of administration institutions, which is similar in nature with the Jun abandon while having difference in degree. Generally speaking, Jun abandon can cover migration of farmers and bureaucracy, but the sum of the latter two doesn’t equal to the former. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the policy of Jun abandon and migrations at the beginning of the Eastern Han dynasty was not negative, but rather a policy to protect people and secure frontier, which also created chance for strengthening the boundary in the northwest.