石关峡:最早的玉门关与最晚的玉门关

The Shiguan Gorge:The Initial and the Ultimate Yumen Pass

丝绸路上的著名关隘玉门关,伴随着中西交通的发展及其路线的变化,关址有过几次改徙。本文披检有关史料,并经反复实地踏察,考得西汉最早设置的玉门关位于今甘肃省嘉峪关市石关峡,置关时间当在武帝元封四年,至太初三、四年间李广利二次伐大宛之际,随着汉王室西方战略的需要,遂将玉门关西迁至敦煌郡西北。石关峡至今仍残留关址和汉长城遗迹。迨及五代、宋初,该峡又被重新利用,重又设为玉门关,为敦煌归义军与甘州回鹘政权之间的分疆之处和东西交通要口,此为最晚的、最后废弃的玉门关址。宋仁宗景祐三年(1036年),西夏占领河西后,玉门关就从史籍上消声匿迹了。

The Yumen Pass,a famous pass on the ancient Silk Road,occured several changes along with development of traffic between China and West.On the basis of the studies of predecessors, looked over the relevant historical materials and made repeatedlly an on-the-spot investigations, author had proved that the earlist Yumen Pass in the Han Dynasty had situated in the Shiguan Gorge in the City of Jiayuguan, in Gansu Province. Yumen Pass had set up 107 B. C.. Owing to the western strategic requirement of the Han Dynasty, The Yumen Pass had been moved to northwest of Dunhuang in 102-101 B.C.. There are yet the remnants and the Han Dynasty’s Great Wall up to now in the Shiguan Gorge. Waiting till the Five Dynasty and the early Song Dynasty, the Shiguan Gorge had been set up as Yumen Pass anew, and was the military demarcation line between the Guiyijun regime of Guazhou-Shazhou and the Huihu nationality regime of Ganzhou ,and was the ultimate Yumen Pass.