苜蓿转基因研究进展

Recent Progresses in the Studies of Transfer Genes in Alfalfa

植物遗传转化是指利用分子生物学的手段将外源基因导入受体植物,使其获得新的性状。传统的育种方法进展缓慢,周期长,而且短期内性状表现不明显。转基因技术比传统的育种方法能快速有效地定向培育植物新品种,获得的新性状比较明显。因此,它已成为植物育种研究领域热点。目前常用的植物遗传转化法包括农杆菌介导,基因枪直接转化等方法,但农杆菌介导法由于外源基因整合的拷贝数少,重排程度低,转化效率高,是最常用的苜蓿遗传转化法。现在通过农杆菌介导法已获得了抗逆,抗除草剂和品质改良等新性状转基因苜蓿,为苜蓿遗传育种开辟了一条新的途径。

Genetic transfer in plants means inducing exogenous genes into recipient plants by molecular biological methods and producing exotic genetic characters in recipient plants. Transgenic technique can more quickly ,effectively and directly get a breed than traditional breed system. The technique has developed the focus of breeding researches in plants. This paper reviews progresses, problems and resolutions in the studies of transfer genes in alfalfa in recent years.