蔬菜施不同肥料对产量和土壤肥力的贡献

Effects of different manure fertilizers on yield of vegetable and on soil fertility

为控制施肥对蔬菜和土壤的负面影响,充分利用施肥对土壤肥力的保护功能,探讨蔬菜合理的有机肥施用量,在不同质地土壤上,田间试验小白菜、苦瓜、豇豆三种蔬菜施不同量有机肥,收获时测定其产量、品质及试验前后的土壤有机质质量分数.结果表明,(1)在施适量无机NPK的条件下,每造蔬菜的有机肥(禽畜粪便,下同)施用量,砂土上小白菜为4500 kg/hm2、苦瓜和豇豆为3000 kg/hm2;在壤土上,小白菜和苦瓜均宜施3000 kg/hm2,豇豆则宜施4500 kg/hm2;在粘土上,小白菜每造只宜施1500～3000 kg/hm2的有机肥.(2)有机肥必须与无机肥合理配合施用,才能获得最佳的产量和品质效果.(3)施有机肥3000～4500 kg/hm2+适量无机肥可使土壤有机质水平保持在种植蔬菜前的质量分数水平,该施肥量和方式不仅可使蔬菜高产、优质,还有利于保护土壤肥力.(4)对蔬菜产量的贡献,有机肥和化肥配合施用的处理对蔬菜产量的贡献最大,来自土壤的效应由小到大依次为有机肥和化肥配合施用→化肥→有机肥,进一步反映合理施肥有利于保护土壤肥力.

The field trial of Brassica chinensis, Momordica charantia and Vigna sinensis was carried out to study the effects of different manure fertilizers on yield and quality of the vegetable as well as the contents of soil organic matter. The results showed that different manure fertilizers had different effects on yield and quality of the vegetable and on contents of soil organic matter.