中国就业弹性的决定因素及就业影响

The Employment Elasticity in the Process of Economy Growth of China: Affecting Factors and Employment Evaluation

由于就业弹性的下降,中国的经济增长未能带来相应的就业增长。文章从要素供给、经济体制变革以及经济增长等三个方面详细考察它们对就业弹性变化的影响,并分析了在就业弹性下降过程中所体现的一些积极的就业意义。结果表明,要素禀赋因素并不是影响就业弹性变化的重要因素,而经济体制的变革以及收入、经济增长导致的市场需求结构的变化才是影响就业弹性变化的重要因素。所以,过分强调节约资本资源、发挥廉价劳动力优势并不能提高就业弹性,进一步扩大经济主体产权的多元化和设法实现经济的持续增长才是提高就业弹性和促进就业的关键。

The economy growth of China, because of the decrease of employment elasticity, does not bring on corresponding employment increase. This paper analyzes the essential gifts, the reform of economy system and the economy growth and their influence to the employment elasticity. It also analyzes the positive impact on the employment in the process of employment elasticity declining. The outcome of research indicates that the economy system and the economy growth instead of essential gifts are the main factors that affect the employment elasticity. Therefore, the overemphasis on economizing the capital resources and exerting the advantages of cheap labor force can not improve the employment elasticity. The key to improve the employment elasticity and employment is to enlarge the proportion of non-state economy and carry out the sustainable economy growth.