经海绵窦颅神经与颈内动脉关系的应用解剖研究

Microanatomy about Relationship between Intracavernous Cranial Nerves And Internal Carotid Artery

目的为海绵窦区手术提供解剖学基础。方法在手术显微镜下对15例(30侧)成人尸头标本海绵窦内颅神经位置、走行及与颈内动脉海绵窦段的毗邻关系进行观测。结果海绵窦入口平面从上到下可见第Ⅲ、Ⅳ颅神经以及第Ⅴ颅神经第1、2分支,颈内动脉在海绵窦内分为5段,第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ1、Ⅵ颅神经在海绵窦内长度分别为(9.33±3.75)m m、(10.59±3.95)m m、(15.45±4.69)m m和(18.12±5.98)m m;滑车神经变异较大;滑车神经下缘与三叉神经眼支下缘组成Parkinson三角是经海绵窦外侧壁入路手术开颅最常用的间隙。结论掌握经海绵窦的颅神经的显微解剖对海绵窦的直接手术具有重要的意义。

Objective To provide microanatomic base for the operation of cavernous sinus(CS) region. Method The location, course and the relation of the intracavernous cranial nerves to the internal carotid artery( ICA) were observed and measured under an operating microscope in 15 adult cadaverical heads of Chinese. Results Cranial nerves (CN)Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and branches 1 and 2 of CN Ⅴ, could be observed from the higher level to the lower level in the CS. ICA was be divided into 5 parts in the CS. The length of CN Ⅲ?Ⅳ, Ⅴ1, Ⅵ was (9.33±3.75)mm, (10.59±3.95)mm, (15.45±4.69)mm and (18.12±5.98)mm respectively. Trochlear never has three type of its courses. Parkinson's triangle was the oftenest applied to the operation of the CS through the approach of the lateral wall of CS. Conclusion It is of certain significance for the direct operation of the CS to master the microanatomy of intracavernous caranial nerves.