关于中日“自治传统”的比较分析

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese"Autonomy Tradition"

近代中日两国在实行地方自治前,都存在着一定的“自治传统。”这种传统在日本曰村落共同体,在中国曰宗族自治、乡绅自治。但是虽然同为“自治”,实际上有着很大差别。这种差别也可谓是导致两国实行近代地方自治成败的重要原因之一。本文通过对中日“自治传统”在地方公选议会、地方公共财政的运营和地方公共团体法人化的过程中所起的不同作用进行比较分析,从而总结出中日“自治传统”具有的不同的特质。

Before instituting the system of regional autonomy in modern period, China and Japan both had'autonomy tradition', which is called'village community' in Japan while'autonomy of patriarchal clans'or'autonomy of squires'in China. There are some differences between Chinese and Japanese autonomy tradition.The differences lead to the success or failure of regional autonomy of the two countries.This dissertation compares the functions of Chinese and Japanese autonomy tradition in the local public elections, the formation of local public finance and the process of legal personalization of local public organization.Finally, this dissertation sums up the different characteristics of autonomy tradition of the two countries.