实践与确定性——从马克思的“实践”概念出发看17世纪西方哲学史上唯理论和经验论对确定性的寻求

Practice & Certainty

人类对确定性的追求是一个十分自然的倾向,在其哲学表现上,我们可以从古希腊哲学家柏拉图那里比较明显地看出这一点。在中世纪,上帝被看做确定性的最后归宿。在十七世纪,西方哲学发生了认识论的转向,出现了唯理论和经验论。尽管二者之间有种种的不同,但它们对知识都持一种基础论的看法:认为知识有一确定的基础。这种看法是有问题的,我们可以从马克思关于实践的思想中更深切地体会到这一点。

Man has a natural inclination to seek certainty, and i n its philosophical appearance we can see it clearly from the old Greek philsoph er Plato.In the Middle ages,God was regarded as the final providence of certaint y.In the seventeenth century,western philosophy had an epistemological turn and rationalism and experientialism appeared.Although there is much differerce bet ween them, they have the same foundationalism view of knowledge:there is a defin ite basis of knowledge.The view is dubious and we can understand it more deeply from Marx's thoughts about practice.