差异蛋白质组学的研究进展

Advance in differential proteomics research

差异蛋白质组是蛋白质组学研究的一个主要内容,其核心在于寻找某种特定因素引起样本之间蛋白质组的差异,揭示并验证蛋白质组在生理或病理过程中的变化。进一步对蛋白质组差异信息分析后,理论上可以推断造成这种变化的原因。因此,对于临床上肿瘤预诊、药物靶标寻找、细胞调控分子的鉴别等有着极大的实际意义。差异蛋白质组研究要求可靠性和可重复性。因此,对于样本处理要求较高,激光微切割技术和高丰度蛋白去除技术的应用优化了样本处理方法。目前差异蛋白质组的主要研究方法仍是2-DE分离和MS鉴定联合应用,基于2-DE的2-DDIGE方法弥补了2-DE的弱点,更适用于差异蛋白质组研究。除2-DE技术外的其他几种技术手段,如多维液相色谱分离技术、ICAT技术、蛋白芯片技术等差异蛋白质组学研究技术可以作为2-DE技术的补充,甚至或替代技术。

Differential proteomics is a major research area in proteomics era, which mainly aims to detect and confirm the different proteins caused by special stimulations between two or more group of samples. By analysis of the differentiae between samples, in reverse, we can deduce what induce the variety patterns of expression, hence it is useful in cancer pre-diagnosis, new drug development and cell regulation research. For differential proteomics research, samples should be carefully dealt with in order to get an accurate and reproducible result, therefore laser capture microdissection and some removing high-rebundant proteins techniques are used. Now the association of 2-DE separation and MS identification are primarily used in the field, but some new methods are appearing, for example, 2-DE DICE, which overcome the demerit of it's ancestor and suit this kind of experiments much better, those techniques other than 2-DE such as multidimension chromatogram, ICAT and protein chips have also been used, which can complement or substitute the conventional methods.