汽车车架的结构优化设计

Structure optimization design for the automotive frame

这里以有限元结构分析和优化算法相结合为手段,以某型载货车车架为例,先对车架进行拓扑优化获得车架最优拓扑形式,根据车架最优拓扑形式确定横梁的数量及分布位置和纵梁的加强方式,得到车架的概念化设计。然后对横梁和纵梁的截面尺寸进行优化,建立了车架的力学模型,优化参数模型,优化数学模型,有限元模型,采用ANSYS参数化设计语言编制了优化设计程序,用ANSYS软件中的零阶优化方法获得最优设计,计算结果表明该优化设计方法的有效和高效,给出了汽车车架的计算机辅助优化设计的有效方法,该方法可广泛应用于车架的优化设计工程。

Combines FEM structure analysis with optimization algorithm and ta ke s a heavy-duty truck frame as an example, the author does topological optimizat ion for the truck frame and achieves the best topology of the frame. The best to pology of the frame provides where the longitudinal beams should be strengthened and where the traverse beams should be placed and how many the traverse beams s hould be adopted. The concept design of the frame is obtained. Then the section size of the longitudinal beams and the traverse beams is optimized and the mecha nics model of the frame, optimization parameter model, optimization mathematics model, finite element model are established. The optimization design program is written by using the ANSYS parameter design language.The optimum is obtained wit h the zero-order method.The result indicates that the optimal design method is efficient.It is the efficient computer aided design method to optimixe the struc ture of the automotive frame.So it could be applied extensively in the engineeri ng of the frame optimization design.